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territorial nationalism
Territorial nationalism describes a form of nationalism based on the religious-like belief that all inhabitants of a particular nation owe allegiance to their country of birth or adoption.〔(Middle East and North Africa: Challenge to Western Security ) by Peter Duignan and L.H. Gann, Hoover Institution Press, 1981, ISBN 978-0-8179-7392-6 (p. 22)〕 According to territorial nationalism every individual must belong to a nation, but can choose which one to join.〔(The Populist Challenge: Political Protest and Ethno-Nationalist Mobilization in France ) by Jens Rydgren, Berghahn Books, 2004, ISBN 1571816917〕 A sacred quality is sought in this nation and in the popular memories it evokes.〔(Encyclopaedia of Nationalism ) by Athena S. Leoussi and Anthony D. Smith, Transaction Publishers, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7658-0002-2, (p. 62)〕 Citizenship is idealized by a territorial nationalist.〔 A criterion of a territorial nationalism is the establishment of a mass, public culture based on common values and traditions of the population.〔〔 Legal equality is essential for territorial nationalism.〔
Because citizenship rather than ethnicity is idealized by territorial nationalism, it is argued by Athena S. Leoussi and Anthony D. Smith (in 2001) that the French Revolution was a territorial nationalistic uprising.〔
== Territorial nationalism in Europe ==
In Western Europe national identity tends to be more based on where a person is born than in Central and Eastern Europe.〔(Territory: The Claiming of Space ) by David Storey, Prentice Hall, 2003, ISBN 978-0-582-32790-0〕 Scholars have argued this might be explained by the fact that states in the later two emerged from imperial states.〔(Changing Europe: Identities, Nations and Citizens ) by David Dunkerley, Lesley Hodgson, Stanislaw Konopacki, and Tony Spybey, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-26777-9〕 The communist regimes in the Eastern Bloc actively suppressed what they described as "bourgeois nationalism"〔 and considered nationalism a bourgeois ideology.〔(Khiterer, V. (2004) 'Nationalism in the Soviet Union' ), in ''Encyclopedia of Russian History'', Macmillan Reference USA〕 In the Soviet Union this led to Russification and other attempts to replace the other cultures of the Soviet Union with the Russian culture,〔 even while, at the same time the Soviet Union promoted certain forms of nationalism that it considered compatible with Soviet interests.〔The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union by Ronald Grigor Suny, Stanford University Press, 1993, ISBN 0804722471〕 Yugoslavia was different from the other European Communist states, where Yugoslavism was promoted.〔
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